Microcontroller Projects in C for the 8051

Microcontroller Projects in C  for the 8051 Dogan Ibrahim Reseña A microcontroller is a single chip microprocessor system which contains data and program memory, serial and parallel I/O, timers, external and internal interrupts, all integrated into a single chip that can be purchased for as little as $2.00. It is estimated that on average, a middle-class household in America has a minimum of 35 microcontrollers in it. About 34% of microcontroller applications are in office automation, such as laser printers, fax machines, intelligent telephones, and so forth. About one-third of microcontrollers are found in consumer electronics goods.

Products like CD players, hi-fi equipment, video games, washing machines, cookers and so on fit into this category. The communications market, automotive market, and the military share the rest of the application areas. Microcontrollers have traditionally been programmed using the assembly language of the target microcontroller. Different microcontrollers from different manufacturers have different assembly languages. Assembly language consists of short mnemonic descriptions of the instruction sets. These mnemonics are difficult to remember and the programs developed for one microcontroller cannot be used for other types of microcontrollers. The most common complaint about microcontroller programming is that the assembly language is somewhat difficult to work with, especially during the development of complex projects. The solution to this problem is to use high- level languages. This makes the programming a much simpler task and the programs are usually more readable, portable, and easier to maintain. There are various forms of BASIC and C compilers available for most microcon¬trollers. BASIC compilers are usually in the form of interpreters and the code produced is usually slow. Un microcontrolador es un sistema de un solo chip microprocesador que contiene datos y memoria de programa, E / S serie y paralelo, interrupciones temporizadores, externa e interna, todo integrado en un solo chip que se puede comprar por tan poco como $ 2,00. Se estima que, en promedio, un hogar de clase media en Estados Unidos tiene un mínimo de 35 microcontroladores en ella. Alrededor del 34% de las aplicaciones de microcontroladores están en automatización de oficina, como impresoras láser, máquinas de fax, teléfonos inteligentes, etc. Alrededor de un tercio de los microcontroladores están encuentran en productos de electrónica de consumo. Los productos como reproductores de CD, equipo de música, videojuegos, lavadoras, cocinas y así sucesivamente encajan en esta categoría. El mercado de las comunicaciones, el mercado del automóvil, y la parte militar del resto de las áreas de aplicación. Los microcontroladores tradicionalmente se han programado utilizando el lenguaje ensamblador del microcontrolador de destino. Diferentes microcontroladores de diferentes fabricantes tienen diferentes lenguajes de ensamblaje. El lenguaje ensamblador consiste en descripciones breves de los mnemónicos conjuntos de instrucciones. Estas sentencias son difíciles de recordar y los programas desarrollados para un microcontrolador no puede ser utilizado para otros tipos de microcontroladores. La queja más común acerca de la programación de microcontroladores es que el lenguaje ensamblador es un poco difícil de trabajar, sobre todo durante el desarrollo de complejos proyectos. La solución a este problema es utilizar lenguajes de alto nivel. Esto hace que la programación de una tarea mucho más sencilla y los programas son por lo general más legible, portátil y fácil de mantener. Hay varias formas de BASIC y compiladores de C para la mayoría de los microcontroladores. Compiladores BASIC son por lo general en forma de intérpretes y el código producido es lenta.

INDICE

Microcomputer Systems. Introduction.  Programming Microcontrollers in C.  Light Projects Sound Projects.  Temperature Projects.  RS232 Serial Communication Projects Appendix GLOSSARY

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INDICE GENERAL

Microcomputer Systems. Introduction. Microcontroller Evolution. Microcontroller Architecture. 8051 Family. Architecture of the 8051 Family. Pin Configuration. Timer/Counters. Interrupt Control. Minimum Microcontroller Configuration. Project Development. Programming Microcontrollers in C. Data Types. bit. signed char/unsigned char. signed short/unsigned short. signed int/unsigned int. signed long/unsigned long. float. sbit. sfr. sfr 16. Memory Models. Interrupts. Structure of a Microcontroller-based C Program. Program Description Language. START-END. Sequencing. IF-THEN-ELSE-ENDIF. DO-ENDO. REPEAT-UNTIL. Internet Web Sites of Microcontroller Compilers. Further Reading. Light Projects. PROJECTS: LED Binary . LED Chasing Circuit. Random LED Pattern. Cyclic LED Pattern. LED Dice. Hexadecimal Display. Two-digit Decimal Count. TIL311 Dice. 7 Segment Display Driver. Four-digit LED Display Interface. Interrupt Driven Event Counter with 4-digit LED Display. Sound Projects. PROJECTS: Simple Buzzer Interface. Small Speaker Interface (Using the Timer Interrupt). Two-tone Small Speaker Interface (Using the Timer Interrupt). Electronic Siren (Using the Timer Interrupt). Electronic Siren (Using the Timer Interrupt). Temperature Projects. PROJECTS: Using a Digital Temperature Sensor. Digital Thermometer with Centigrade/Fahrenheit Output. Digital Thermometer with High Alarm Output. Digital Thermometer with High and Low Alarm Outputs. Using Analogue Temperature Sensor IC with A/D Converter. RS232 Serial Communication Projects. PROJECTS: Output a Simple Text Message from the RS232 Port. Input/Output Example Using the RS232 Port. A Simple Calculator Program Using the RS232 Port. Appendix - ASCII code. GLOSSARY.