USB Mass Storage

USB Mass Storage  Designing and Programming Devices and Embedded Hosts Jan Axelson Fuente: Jan Axelson's Lakeview Research For: program listings, Code, List of corrections. Reseña A USB device controller enables a mass-storage device to share its data with other computers. For example, a data logger can collect data in the field and then connect to a PC, where an application reads the data from the logger’s storage media. Or a robot can attach to a PC to receive a file containing configuration data to use in robotic tasks.

Flash-memory cards provide convenient storage for many small systems. Other systems function as USB hosts that can access files in off-the-shelf USB flash drives and hard drives. If you’re involved with designing or programming devices that incorporate a USB mass-storage device or host interface, this book will help you get your projects up and running. You’ll also find the book useful if you’re designing or programming devices that use flash-memory cards for data storage, whether or not the devices have USB interfaces. Un controlador de dispositivo USB permite a un dispositivo de almacenamiento masivo compartir sus datos con otros ordenadores. Por ejemplo, un registrador de datos se pueden recopilar datos en el campo y luego se conectan a un de PC, donde una aplicación lee los datos desde medios de almacenamiento del registrador. O un robot puede conectar a un de PC para recibir un archivo que contiene los datos de configuración para utilizar en tareas robóticas. Tarjetas de memoria flash proporcionan un almacenamiento conveniente para muchos sistemas pequeños. Otros sistemas funcionan como hosts USB que pueden acceder a los archivos en unidades flash off-the-shelf USB y discos duros. Si usted está involucrado con el diseño o la programación de dispositivos que incorporan un dispositivo de almacenamiento masivo USB o interfaz de host, este libro le ayudará a conseguir sus proyectos en marcha y funcionando. También encontrará el libro sea útil si usted está diseñando o dispositivos que utilizan tarjetas de memoria flash para almacenamiento de datos de programación, si los dispositivos tienen interfaces USB.

INDICE

Mass Storage Basics Supporting USB.  The USB Mass Storage Class Accessing Flash Memory Cards.  MultiMediaCard Protocol.  SCSI Commands.

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INDICE GENERAL

Mass Storage Basics. When to Use a Storage Device. Benefits. Other Considerations. Requirements. Devices. Embedded Hosts. Selecting a Media Type. Drive Mechanisms. Addressing Methods. Reading and Writing Considerations. Removable Media and Devices. Hardware Interfaces. Hard Drives. Technology. Interfaces. Flash Memory. Technology. Options for Flash Memory. MultiMediaCard. SD Memory Card. CompactFlash. Supporting USB. The Interface in Brief. Hosts and Devices. Host Responsibilities. Device Responsibilities. Bus Speeds. Endpoints. Transfer Types. Transactions. The Data Toggle. Descriptors. Mass Storage Requirements. Choosing a Device Controller. Controllers with Support for Flash Memory. Controllers with support for ATA/ATAPI. Firmware Options. Microchip PIC18F4550. Architecture. Firmware Support. The USB Controller. The USB Mass Storage Class. Requirements. Specifications. Logical Block Addressing. Mass Storage Requests. Descriptors. Device Descriptor. Configuration Descriptor. Interface Descriptor. Endpoint Descriptors. String Descriptors. Responding to Commands. The Command Block Wrapper. The Command Status Wrapper. Managing Communications on the Bulk Endpoints. More about STALL. Thirteen Cases for Any Situation. PC Support. Windows. Linux. Accessing Flash Memory Cards. The Interface. Signals and Power. Example Circuit. Host Programming. Configuring. Hardware Ports. Firmware-controlled Ports. Transferring Data. Default States. SPI on the PIC18F4550. Configuring the Port. Writing a Byte. Reading a Byte. MultiMediaCard Protocol. Command and Response Formats. Commands. Response Types. Token Formats. The Commands. Classes. Commands Used by Mass-storage Devices. Registers. Sending Commands. Timing Considerations. Commands with No Data Transfer. Commands that Read Data from the Storage Media. Commands that Write Data to the Storage Media. Application Example. Detecting and Selecting a Card. Sending a Command. Reading a Sector. Writing a Sector. Initializing Communications. SCSI Commands. About the Commands. Specifications. Which Commands to Implement?. Sense Data. Fixed-format Sense Data. Setting Default Values. Primary Commands. Inquiry. Mode Select. Mode Sense. Prevent Allow Medium Removal. Report Luns. Request Sense. Send Diagnostic. Test Unit Ready.

USB Complete The Developers Guide

USB Complete The Developers Guide  The Developers Guide Jan Axelson Fuente: Jan Axelson's Lakeview Research For: program listings, Code, List of corrections. Reseña This updated edition of the best-selling developer's guide to the Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface covers all aspects of project development, including hardware design, device firmware, and host application software.

Topics include how to choose a device controller chip, how to write device firmware for USB communications, how to cut development time by using USB device classes, and how to write software to access devices that perform vendor-specific functions.  Also discussed are hardware interfacing, using bus power, wireless technologies, and USB On-The-Go. The book presents example code for accessing USB devices using Visual Basic .NET and Visual C# .NET.  The example code shows how to detect device arrival and removal and how to transfer vendor-defined data using the human interface device class and Microsoft’s WinUSB driver.  Also covered is how to write device firmware to communicate with the USB host. The Fourth Edition covers USB 3.0 and SuperSpeed and has new information on controller chips, USB classes, power use, and Microsoft’s WinUSB driver.  Esta edición actualizada de la guía del programador de mayor venta de la interfaz de bus serie universal (USB) cubre todos los aspectos del desarrollo del proyecto, incluyendo el diseño del hardware, el firmware del dispositivo, y el software de la aplicación host. Los temas incluyen cómo elegir un chip controlador de dispositivo, la forma de escribir el firmware del dispositivo de comunicaciones USB, cómo reducir el tiempo de desarrollo mediante el uso de clases de dispositivos USB, y la forma de escribir software para acceder a los dispositivos que realizan funciones específicas del proveedor. También se discuten hardware interfaz, utilizando la alimentación del bus, las tecnologías inalámbricas y USB On-The-Go. El libro presenta código de ejemplo para acceder a los dispositivos USB que utilizan Visual C Basic. NET y Visual C #. NET. El código de ejemplo muestra cómo detectar el dispositivo de entrada y la eliminación y la forma de transferencia definido por el proveedor de datos utilizando la clase de dispositivo de interfaz humana y el conductor WinUSB de Microsoft. También se cubre la forma de escribir el firmware del dispositivo para comunicarse con el host USB. La cuarta edición abarca SuperSpeed ​​USB 3.0 y y tiene nueva información sobre chips controladores USB, las clases, el uso de energía, y el driver WinUSB de Microsoft.

INDICE

USB Basics Inside USB Transfers.  A Transfer Type for Every Purpose.  Enumeration: How the Host Learns about Devices.  Control Transfers: Structured Requests for Critical Data Chip Choices.  Device Classes.  How the Host Communicates.  Matching a Driver to a Device Detecting Devices Human Interface Devices: Using Control and Interrupt  Human Interface Devices: Reports.  Human Interface Devices: Host Application Using WinUSB for Vendor-Defined Functions.  All About Hubs. USB 2.0.  Managing Power.  Testing and Debugging.  Packets on the Bus. USB 2.0 The Electrical and Mechanical Interface.  Hosts for Embedded Systems. USB On-The-Go

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INDICE GENERAL

USB Basics. Uses and Limits. Benefits for Users. Benefits for Developers. What USB Can't Do. USB versus Ethernet. USB versus IEEE-1394. Evolution of an Interface. USB 1.0. USB 1.1. USB 2.0. USB 3.0. USB On-The-Go. Wireless USB. Bus Components. Topology. Bus Speed Considerations. Terminology. Division of Labor. The Host's Duties. The Device's Duties. Bus Speeds and Data Throughput. Developing a Device. Components. Tools for Developing. Steps in Developing a Project. USB 3.0 Frequently Asked Questions. Features. Compatibility. Cables. Power. Inside USB Transfers. Transfer Basics. The Essentials. Purposes for Communication. Managing Data on the Bus. Elements of a Transfer. Endpoints: the Source and Sink of Data. Transaction Types. Pipes: Connecting Endpoints to the Host. Types of Transfers. Stream and Message Pipes. Initiating a Transfer. USB 2.0 Transactions. Transaction Phases. Packet Sequences. Timing Constraints and Guarantees. Split Transactions. Ensuring Successful Transfers. Status and Control. Reporting the Status of Control Transfers. Error Checking. SuperSpeed Transactions. Packet Types. Transferring Data. Link Management Packets. A Transfer Type for Every Purpose. Control Transfers. Availability. Structure. Data Size. Speed. Detecting and Handling Errors. Device Responsibilities. Bulk Transfers. Availability. Structure. Data Size. Speed. Detecting and Handling Errors. Device Responsibilities. Interrupt Transfers. Availability. Structure. Data Size. Speed. Detecting and Handling Errors. Device Responsibilities. Isochronous Transfers. Availability. Structure. Data Size. Speed. Detecting and Handling Errors. Device Responsibilities. More about Time-critical Transfers. Bus Bandwidth. Device Capabilities. Host Capabilities. Host Latencies. Enumeration: How the Host Learns about Devices. The Process. Enumeration Steps. Device Removal. Tips for Successful Enumeration. Descriptors. Types. Device. Device_Qualifier. Configuration. Other_Speed_Configuration. Interface Association. Interface. Endpoint. SuperSpeed Endpoint Companion. String. Binary Object Store and Device Capability. Other Standard Descriptors. Microsoft OS Descriptors. Updating Descriptors to USB 2.0. Control Transfers: Structured Requests for Critical Data. Elements of a Control Transfer. Setup Stage. Data Stage. Status Stage. Handling Errors. Device Firmware. Standard Requests. Get Status. Clear Feature. Set Feature. Set Address. Get Descriptor. Set Descriptor. Get Configuration. Set Configuration. Get Interface. Set Interface. Synch Frame. Set SEL. Set Isochronous Delay. Other Requests. Class-Specific Requests. Vendor-Defined Requests. Chip Choices. Components of a USB Device. Inside a USB 2.0 Controller. Other Device Components. Simplifying Device Development. Device Requirements. Chip Documentation. Driver Choices. Debugging Tools. USB Microcontrollers. Microchip PIC18F4550. Cypress EZ-USB. ARM. Controllers that Interface to CPUs. ST-NXP Wireless ISP1582. PLX Technology NET2272. FTDI USB UART and USB FIFO. Device Classes. Elements and Use. Approved Specifications. Elements of a Class Specification. Defined Classes. Audio. Communications. Content Security. Device Firmware Upgrade. Human Interface. IrDA Bridge. Mass Storage. Personal Healthcare. Printer. Smart Card. Still Image Capture. Test and Measurement. Video. Implementing Non-standard Functions. Choosing a Driver. Using a Generic Driver. Converting from RS-232. Converting from the Parallel Port. PC-to-PC Communications. How the Host Communicates. Device Drivers. The Layered Driver Model. User and Kernel Modes. Inside the Layers. Applications. User-mode Client Drivers. Kernel-mode Client Drivers. Bus and Host-Controller Drivers. Writing Drivers. Kernel-mode Drivers. User-mode Drivers. Testing Tools. Using GUIDs. Device Setup GUIDs. Device Interface GUIDs. Matching a Driver to a Device. Using the Device Manager. Viewing Devices. Property Pages. Device Information in the Registry. The Hardware Key. The Class Key. The Driver Key. The Service Key. Inside INF Files. Structure and Syntax. Device-specific Values. Using Device Identification Strings. Finding a Match. When to Provide an INF File. Tools and Diagnostic Aids. Tips for Using INF Files. What the User Sees. Detecting Devices. A Brief Guide to Calling API Functions. Managed and Unmanaged Code. Managing Data. Finding Your Device. Obtaining the Device Interface GUID. Requesting a Pointer to a Device Information Set. Identifying a Device Interface. Requesting a Structure with the Device Path Name. Extracting the Device Path Name. Closing Communications. Obtaining a Handle. Requesting a Communications Handle. Closing the Handle. Detecting Attachment and Removal. About Device Notifications. Registering for Device Notifications. Capturing Device Change Messages. Reading Device Change Messages. Retrieving the Device Path Name in the Message. Stopping Device Notifications. Human Interface Devices: Using Control and Interrupt Transfers. What is a HID?. Hardware Requirements. Firmware Requirements. Descriptors. The HID Interface. HID Class Descriptor. Report Descriptors. HID-specific Requests. Get Report. Get Idle. Get Protocol. Set Report. Set Idle. Set Protocol. Transferring Data. Writing Firmware. Tools. Human Interface Devices: Reports. Report Structure. Using the HID Descriptor Tool. Control and Data Item Values. Item Format. The Main Item Type. Input, Output, and Feature Items. Collections. The Global Item Type. Identifying the Report. Describing the Data's Use. Converting Units. Converting Raw Data. Describing the Data's Size and Format. Saving and Restoring Global Items. The Local Item Type. Physical Descriptors. Padding. Human Interface Devices: Host Application. HID API Functions. Requesting Information about the HID. Sending and Receiving Reports. Providing and Using Report Data. Managing HID Communications. Identifying a Device. Reading the Vendor ID and Product ID. Getting a Pointer to Device Capabilities. Getting the Device's Capabilities. Getting the Capabilities of the Buttons and Values. Sending and Receiving Reports. Sending an Output Report to the Device. Reading an Input Report from the Device. Writing a Feature Report to the Device. Reading a Feature Report from a Device. Closing Communications. Using WinUSB for Vendor-Defined Functions. Capabilities and Limits. Device Requirements. Host Requirements. Device Firmware. Assigning the WinUSB Driver. Accessing the Device. Obtaining a WinUSB Handle. Requesting an Interface Descriptor. Identifying the Endpoints. Setting Pipe Policies. Writing Data via Bulk and Interrupt Transfers. Reading Data via Bulk and Interrupt Transfers. Using Vendor-defined Control Transfers. Closing Communications. All About Hubs. USB 2.0. The Hub Repeater. The Transaction Translator. The Hub Controller. Speed. Maintaining Active Links. USB 3.0. Bus Speeds. Components. Managing Traffic. The Hub Class. Hub Descriptors. Hub Class Requests. Port Indicators. Managing Power. Power Options. Voltages. Using Bus Power. Power Needs. Informing the Host. Battery Charging. Hub Power. Power Sources. Over-current Protection. Power Switching. Saving Power. USB 2.0 Link Power Management. Suspend State. Sleep State. SuperSpeed Power Management. Power Management under Windows. Testing and Debugging. Tools. Hardware Protocol Analyzers. Software Protocol Analyzers. Traffic Generators. Testing. Compliance. Windows Logo. Packets on the Bus. USB 2.0. Low Speed and Full Speed Bus States. High Speed Bus States. Data Encoding. Staying Synchronized. Timing Accuracy. Packet Format. Inter-Packet Delay. Test Modes. SuperSpeed. Data Scrambling. Encoding. Link Layer. Reset. The Electrical and Mechanical Interface. USB 2.0 Transceivers. Cable Segments. Low- and Full-Speed Transceivers. High-speed Transceivers. Signal Voltages. USB 2.0 Cables. Conductors. Connectors. Detachable and Captive Cables. Cable Length. Bus Length. Inter-Chip Connections. USB 3.0. Transmitters and Receivers. Cables. Ensuring Signal Quality. Sources of Noise. Balanced Lines. Twisted Pairs. Shielding. Edge Rates. Isolated Interfaces. Going Wireless. Certified Wireless USB. Cypress WirelessUSB. Other Options. Hosts for Embedded Systems. USB On-The-Go. Capabilities and Limits. The OTG Connector. The A-Device and B-Device. Requirements for an OTG Device. The OTG Descriptor. Feature Codes for HNP. Other Host Options. Requirements. Device Ports. Controller Chips. Microcontrollers. Interface Chips.

The Microcontroller Idea Book 8052-BASIC

The Microcontroller Idea Book  Circuits, Programs, & Applications featuring the 8052-BASIC Microcontroller Jan Axelson Fuente: Jan Axelson's Lakeview Research For: program listings, Code, List of corrections. Reseña The Microcontroller Idea Book is a hands-on guide that presents practical designs for use in data loggers, controllers, and other small-computer applications.

Microcontrollers, or single-chip computers, are ideal for projects that require computer intelligence but don't need the disk drives, keyboard, and full-screen display of a desktop computer. El Microcontrolador Libro de ideas es una guía práctica que presenta diseños prácticos para su uso en data loggers (adquisición de datos), controladores, y otras aplicaciones de pequeña computadora. Microcontroladores o equipos de un solo chip, son ideales para proyectos que requieren la inteligencia computacional, pero no necesitan las unidades de disco, el teclado y la pantalla a pantalla completa de una computadora de escritorio.

INDICE

Microcontroller Basics.  Inside the 8052-BASIC Powering Up.  Saving Programs.  Programming.  Inputs and Outputs.  Switches and Keypads Displays Using Sensors to Detect and Measure.  Clocks and Calendars Control Circuits.  Wireless Links Calling Assembly-language Routines.  Running BASIC-52 from External Memory Related Products.  Appendix

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INDICE GENERAL

Microcontroller Basics. What’s a Microcontroller?. A Little History. New Tools. Project Steps. Inside the 8052-BASIC. Possibilities. Limits. What You Need. The 8051 Family. Elements of the 8052 and 8052-BASIC. Powering Up. About the Circuit. Circuit Construction. Powering Up. Basic Tests. Simple Programs to Try. Exiting Programs. Saving Programs. Nonvolatile Memory Options. Adding NVRAM or EEPROM. Using the Programming Commands. Adding Bootup Options. Erasing NV Memory. Adding more NVRAM or EEPROM. Adding EPROM. EPROM-programming Circuits. Power Supplies for Programming. Storing Programs on Disk. Programming. Programming Basics. BASIC-52 Bugs and Things to Watch Out For. Finding Program Errors. BASIC-52 Keywords by Function. Quick Reference to BASIC-52. Inputs and Outputs. The Memory Map. Uses for I/O Ports. Adding Ports. The 8255 Programmable Peripheral Interface. Switches and Keypads. Simple Switches. Adding a Keypad. Displays. Using LEDs. 7-segment Displays. Displaying Messages. Inside the Display Controller. Mounting Displays in an Enclosure. Using Sensors to Detect and Measure. Sensor Basics. Choosing Sensors. On/off Sensors. Analog Sensors. Sensor Examples. Level Translating. Choosing a Converter. Clocks and Calendars. BASIC-52’s Real-time Clock. A Watchdog Timekeeper. Control Circuits. Switching Power to a Load. Controlling a Switch Matrix. Op Amp with Programmable Gain. Controlling a Stepper Motor. Speed Control of a Continuous DC Motor. Wireless Links. Infrared Links. Increasing the Distance. Radio Links. Calling Assembly-language Routines. Assembly-language Basics. What You Need. Loading a Routine. File Formats for Assembly-language Routines. Assembling a Program. Uploading a Program. Example: Creating a Sine Wave. Avoiding Program Crashes. Interrupts. Adding Custom Commands and Instructions. A General-purpose EPROM Programmer. Running BASIC-52 from External Memory. Reasons. Copying BASIC-52. System Requirements. Storing BASIC-52 Programs. Related Products. Enhanced BASIC-52. BASIC Compilers. Programming Environments. Pc Boards. BASIC-52 Source Code. Appendix . Sources. Books. BBS’s. Product Vendors. Programs for Loading Files. Number Systems. About Number Systems. Kilobytes and Megabytes.

Serial Port Complete USB Virtual COM Ports

Serial Port Complete USB Virtual COM Ports  COM Ports, USB Virtual COM Ports, and Ports for Embedded Systems Jan Axelson Fuente: Jan Axelson's Lakeview Research For: program listings, Code, List of corrections. Reseña PC COM ports, USB virtual COM ports, and ports in embedded systems are all addressed in this updated guide to programming, interfacing, and using serial ports.

Example circuits and code provide a quick start to projects. Installation and maintenance staff will also find tips for ensuring reliable operation and problem tracking.  Los puertos de PC COM, puertos USB, virtuales COM y puertos en los sistemas embebidos están tratados en esta guía actualizada de la programación, la interfaz y el uso de los puertos serie. Los temas incluyen el uso de la clase de NET SerialPort para comunicaciones COM-puerto en PCs;. Mejora existentes RS-232 diseños a redes inalámbricas o USB, y la creación de redes en serie de sistemas embebidos. y ordenadores Circuitos de ejemplo y código proporcionan una salida rápida a los proyectos. Instalación y personal de mantenimiento también encontrarán consejos para asegurar un funcionamiento fiable y seguimiento de problemas.

INDICE

Options and Choices.  Formats and Protocols.  COM Ports on PCs.  Inside RS-232 Designing RS-232 Links.  Inside RS-485. About RS-485.  Designing RS-485 Links and Networks Going Wireless.  Using .NET's SerialPort Class.  Managing Ports and Transfers in .NET.  Ports for Embedded Systems.  Network Programming An RS-485 Network.  Inside USB.  Using Special-function USB Controllers Using Generic USB Controllers.

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INDICE GENERAL

Options and Choices. When to use a Serial Port. Advantages. Limits. System Components. The Computers. The Physical Link. Programming. Applications. Example Systems. Managing Communications. Special-purpose Modules. Formats and Protocols. Sending Serial Data. Asynchronous and Synchronous Communications. Word Formats. Bit Rate and Baud Rate. System Support for Low-level Protocols. Sending Bits. The Format. The Need for Accurate Timing. Autodetecting the Bit Rate. Autodetecting a COM Port. Data Formats. Binary Data. Text Data. ASCII Hex. Application-specific Protocols. Preventing Missed Data. Flow Control. Buffers. Event-driven Programming and Polling. Acknowledgments. Error Checking. COM Ports on PCs. Port Architecture. Device Manager. Port Resources. Serial Servers. Accessing Ports. Drivers. Identifying Ports. GUIDs for COM Ports. COM Port Numbering. INF Files. Options for Application Programming. Inside RS-232. The Hardware Interface. Signals. Voltages. Timing Limits. Converting Voltages. Interface Chips. Short-range Circuits. Port-powered Circuits. Using Outputs as a Power Source. Regulating the Voltage. Alternate Interfaces. Direct Connection. Other Unbalanced Interfaces. Designing RS-232 Links. Connectors and Adapters. Connector Options. Adapters. Using Microcontroller Development Boards. Cables. Length Limits. Surge Protection. Isolated Lines. Ways to Achieve Isolation. About Grounds. Power Supply Grounds. Optoisolating. Debugging Tools. Using a Breakout Box. Monitoring with a Voltmeter. Oscilloscopes and Logic Analyzers. Inside RS-485. About RS-485. Balanced and Unbalanced Lines. Voltage Requirements. Current and Power. Speed. Internal Protection Circuits. Interfacing Options. Chips. Adding a Port on a PC. Converting 3.3/5V Logic. Converting RS-232. Controlling the Driver Enable. Re-enabling the Driver. Software-assisted Control. Hardware Control. Designing RS-485 Links and Networks. Long and Short Lines. When Is a Line Long?. Calculating Line Length. Choosing a Driver Chip. Line Terminations. Characteristic Impedance. Adding a Termination. Effects of Terminations. Reflections. Series Terminations. Terminations for Short Lines. AC Terminations. Network Topologies. Biasing the Line. Open-circuit Protection. Short-circuit Protection. Cable Types. How a Wire Picks Up Noise. Twisted-pair Cable. Selecting Cable. Grounds and Differential Lines. Ensuring a Common Ground. Isolated Lines. Using Multiple Buses. Adding a Repeater. Implementing a Star Topology. Going Wireless. Media and Modulation. Using a Carrier Frequency. Spread Spectrum Technology. Ensuring Reliable Transfers. Infrared. Transmitters and Receivers. IrDA. Radio Frequency. Complying with Regulations. Choosing an RF Band. Implementing a Link. Using Other RF Standards. Using .NET's SerialPort Class. Gaining Access to a Port. Finding Ports. Opening a Port. Timeouts. Receive Threshold. Closing a Port. Transferring Data. Transferring Bytes. Transferring Text. Using Stream Objects. BinaryReader and BinaryWriter. StreamReader and StreamWriter. Saving a Port and Parameters. The Application Settings Architecture. Combo Box Example. Managing Ports and Transfers in .NET. Receiving Data. Setting Timeouts. Detecting Received Data. Collecting Received Data. Ensuring Efficient Transfers. Sending Data. Avoiding Timeouts. Sending without Blocking the Application. Preventing Buffer Overflows. Ensuring Efficient Transfers. Flow Control. Selecting a Method. Monitoring and Controlling the Signals. Handling Errors. Exceptions. The ErrorReceived Event. Verifying Received Data. Structuring an Application. Defining a ComPorts Class. Setting Parameters with Combo Boxes. Defining Application-specific Events. Ports for Embedded Systems. A Microcontroller Serial Port. About the PIC18F4520. The Enhanced UART. Registers. Configuring and Accessing the Port. Setting the Bit Rate. Interrupts. Basic Operations. Accessing a Port. Configuring the Port. Sending Data. Receiving Data. Using Interrupts. Using Flow Control. Adding Ports. Multiple On-chip UARTs. Firmware UARTs. External UARTs. Network Programming. Managing Traffic. Steps in Exchanging a Message. Protocols. Using Existing Protocols. Debugging Tips. Addressing. Assigning Addresses. Detecting Addresses. Reserving Address Values. Defining a Message Format. 9-bit Format. An RS-485 Network. Connecting the Nodes. Transceivers. Terminating and Biasing. Cabling. Example Protocol. Addresses. Message Format. Commands. Reading a Byte. Writing a Byte. Polling the Nodes. Configuring the Driver-enable Line. Sending Commands. Responding to Polls. Auxiliary Routines. Decoding Received Data. Inside USB. Hosts and Devices. Assigning a Driver on the Host. Requirements. Host Responsibilities. Device Responsibilities. Speed. Endpoints. USB Transfers. Transfer Types. Transactions. The Data Toggle. Using Special-function USB Controllers. Inside the Chips. Serial Interface (FT232R). Parallel Interface (FT245R). Prototyping Modules. Using the Controllers. Drivers. Adding Vendor-specific Data. Implementing a Virtual COM Port. Converting from RS-232 to USB. Using Generic USB Controllers. The Communication Devices Class. Documentation. Overview. Device Controllers. Host Drivers. Using the Abstract Control Model. POTS Models. Virtual COM Ports. Requests. Notifications. Maximizing Performance. Descriptors and INF Files. Device Descriptor. Configuration Descriptor. Communication Class Interface Descriptors. Data Class Interface Descriptors. String Descriptors. The INF File. Composite Devices.

Serial Port Complete RS232

Serial Port Complete RS232  Programming and Circuits for Rs-232 and Rs-485 Links and Networks Jan Axelson Fuente: Jan Axelson's Lakeview Research For: program listings, Code, List of corrections. Reseña The serial interface information to jump-start projects on several platforms. This it the first book to have extensive on RS-485 , a widely used, industry standard interface for networks. This reference features original content based on the author's firsthand research and experience, not just rewritten specifications and marketing materials.

Programmers, engineers and developers will use the designs in this book to get projects up an running quickly. Installation and maintenance staff will find tips for ensuring reliable operation and problem tracking. Students and computer enthusiast can use the book's complete, original examples and tools to design experimental projects for several computer platforms. La información de la interfaz serie para echar a andar proyectos en varias plataformas. Este es el primer libro que tiene una amplia sobre RS-485, ampliamente utilizado, la interfaz estándar de la industria para las redes. Esta referencia incluye contenido original sobre la base de la investigación del autor y la experiencia de primera mano, no sólo a las especificaciones reescrito y materiales de marketing. Los programadores, ingenieros y desarrolladores utilizar los diseños en este libro para proyectos de hasta un funcionamiento rápido. Instalación y personal de mantenimiento encontrarán consejos para asegurar un funcionamiento fiable y seguimiento de problemas. Los estudiantes y entusiastas de ordenador pueden utilizar completas, ejemplos y herramientas originales del libro de diseñar proyectos experimentales para varias plataformas.

INDICE

Options and Choices.  Formats and Protocols.  The PC's Serial Port from the Connector In.  PC Programming.  Microcontroller Serial Ports.  Linking Two Devices with RS-232.  Connectors and Cables for RS-232.  RS-232 Applications.  Links and Networks with RS-485 RS-485 Cables & Interfacing.  Network Programming.  Two Networks.  Appendices.

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INDICE GENERAL

Options and Choices. The Computers. The Programming. Languages and Operating Systems. Message Properties. The Link. Applications. Formats and Protocols. Sending Serial Data. Synchronous Format. Asynchronous Format. System Support. Transmitting a Byte. The Bit Format. Autodetecting the Bit Rate. Data Formats. Binary Data. Text Data. Preventing Missed Data. Handshaking Buffers. Polling and Interrupts. Acknowledgments. Error-checking. The PC's Serial Port from the Connector In. Port Architecture. The UART Enhancements. Port Resources. Finding Ports. Port Information in the Registry. Configuring. New Systems. Adding a Port. Using Older Hardware. Internal vs. External Devices. IRQ Conflicts. Solutions for Multiple Ports. Inside the UART. Interrupt Sources. Control Registers. New Functions. PC Programming. Using MSComm. Properties. Text and Binary Transfers. Polled Communications. Using OnComm. Handshaking Options. A Template Application. The Main Form. General Routines. Selecting a Port. Saving Data. Other Ways to Access Serial Ports. API Functions. Direct Port Access. Using Older Basics. Visual Basic Versions. Accessing Ports under DOS. Microcontroller Serial Ports. The 8051 Family. The Serial Port. Interfacing Options. The 8052-Basic. Communications Abilities. Processing Received. Data Custom Communications. The Basic Stamp. A Firmware UART. Signal Levels. Stamp-to-Stamp Links. Adding a Hardware Serial Port. Options. An SPI/Microwire UART. Linking Two Devices with RS-232. About RS-232. Features. Signals. Voltages. Timing Limits. Converting between 5V Logic and RS-232. The MAX232. Other Interface Chips. Short-range Circuits. Port-powered Circuits. Alternate Interfaces. Direct Connection. Other Unbalanced Interfaces. Connectors and Cables for RS-232. Connectors. 25-pin Shells. 9-pin Shells. The Alt A Connector. Modular Connectors. Adapters. Cables. Length Limits. How Many Wires?. Isolated Links. Ways to Achieve Isolation. About Grounds. Power Supply  Grounds. Optoisolating. Surge Protection. Troubleshooting Tools. RS-232 Applications. Linking Two Computers. A 2-PC Link. Selecting a Remote CPU. PC-to-Basic Stamp Link. Exchanging Data. Ensuring that the Stamp Sees Incoming Data. PC-to 8052-Basic Link. Ensuring that the 8052-Basic Sees Incoming Data. Exchanging Data. Simple I/O. Accessing the Signals. Connecting to a Stand-alone UART. Controlling Synchronous Interfaces. Operating System Tools. Direct Cable Connection. DOS Interlnk and lntersvr. Links and Networks with RS-485. About RS-485. Balanced and Unbalanced Lines. Voltage Requirements. Current Requirements. Speed. Adding an RS-485 Port. PC Expansion Cards. Converter Chips. Converting TTL. Converting RS-232. Short Links between Different Interfaces. RS-485 Cables & Interfacing. Long and Short Lines. When Is a Line Long?. Calculating Line Length. Line Terminations. Characteristic Impedance. Adding a Termination. Effects of Terminations. Reflections. Terminations for Short Lines. Choosing a Driver Chip. Network Topologies. Open and Short-circuit Biasing. Open-circuit Protection. Short-circuit Protection. Cable Types. How a Wire Picks Up Noise. Twisted-pair Cable. Selecting Cable. Grounds in a Differential Link. Ensuring a Common Ground. Isolated Links. Extending a Link with Repeaters. Network Programming. Managing Traffic. Steps in Exchanging a Message. Protocols. Addressing. Assigning Detecting. Other Information in Messages. Using Existing Protocols. Transmitter Enable Timing. Two Networks. An RS-485 Network. The Protocol The Link. The Master's Programming. Selecting Nodes. Slave Programming. A Simple Stamp Network. Debugging Tips. Appendices. Resources. RS-232 Signals. Number Systems.

Parallel Port Complete

Parallel Port Complete  Programming, Interfacing, & Using the PC’s Parallel Printer Port Jan Axelson Fuente: Jan Axelson's Lakeview Research For: program listings, Code, List of corrections. Reseña From its origin as a simple printer interface, the personal computer's parallel port has evolved into a place to plug in just about anything you might want to hook to a computer. The parallel port is popular because it's versatile-you can use it for output, input, or bidirectional links-and because it's available-every PC has one.

Printers are still the most common devices connected to the port, but other popular options include external tape and disk drives and scanners. Laptop computers may use a parallel-port-based network interface or joystick. For special applications, there are dozens of parallel-port devices for use in data collection, testing, and control systems. And the parallel port is the interface of choice for many one-of-a-kind and small-scale projects that require communications between a computer and an external device. Desde su origen como una interfaz simple impresora, el puerto paralelo del PC se ha convertido en un lugar para conectar casi cualquier cosa es posible que desee conectar a un ordenador. El puerto paralelo es muy popular porque es más versátil que se puede utilizar para la salida, entrada, o bidireccional links-y porque está disponible, cada PC tiene uno. Las impresoras son todavía los dispositivos más comunes conectados al puerto, pero otras opciones populares incluyen cinta externa y las unidades de disco y escáneres. Los ordenadores portátiles pueden utilizar una interfaz de red basado en puerto paralelo o joystick. Para aplicaciones especiales, hay docenas de dispositivos de puerto paralelo para su uso en la recopilación de datos, pruebas y sistemas de control. Y el puerto paralelo es la interfaz de la opción para muchos proyectos uno-de-su tipo y en pequeña escala que requieren comunicaciones entre un ordenador y un dispositivo externo.

INDICE

Essentials Accessing Ports.  Programming Issues.  Programming Tools.  Experiments Interfacing.  Output Applications Input Applications.  Synchronous Serial Links Real-time Control Modes for Data Transfer.  Compatibility and Nibble Modes.  Byte Mode.  Enhanced Parallel Port: EPP.  Extended Capabilities Port: ECP.  PC-to-PC Communications Appendices.

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INDICE GENERAL

Essentials. Defining the Port. Port Types. System Resources. Addressing. Interrupts. DMA Channels. Finding Existing Ports. Configuring. Port Options. Drivers. Adding a Port. Port Hardware. Connectors. The Circuits Inside. Cables. Multiple Uses for One Port. Security Keys. Alternatives to the Parallel Port. Serial Interfaces. Other Parallel Interfaces. Custom I/O Cards. PC Cards. Accessing Ports. The Signals. Centronics Roots. Naming Conventions. The Data Register. The Status Register. The Control Register. Bidirectional Ports. Addressing. Finding Ports. Direct Port I/O. Programming in Basic. Other Programming Languages. Other Ways to Access Ports. LPT Access in Visual Basic. Windows API Calls. DOS and BIOS Interrupts. Programming Issues. Options for Device Drivers. Simple Application Routines. DOS Drivers. Windows Drivers. Custom Controls. Speed. Hardware Limits. Software Limits. Programming Tools. Routines for Port Access. Data Port Access. Status Port Access. Control Port Access. Bit Operations. A Form Template. Saving Initialization Data. Finding, Selecting, and Testing Ports. Experiments. Viewing and Controlling the Bits. Circuits for Testing. Output Types. Component Substitutions. Cables & Connectors for Experimenting. Making an Older Port Bidirectional. Cautions. The Circuits. The Changes. Interfacing. Port Variations. Drivers and Receivers. Level 1 Devices. Level 2 devices. Interfacing Guidelines. General Design. Port Design. Cable Choices. Connectors. Cable Types. Ground Returns. -wire Cables. Reducing Interference. Line Terminations. Transmitting over Long Distances. Port-powered Circuits. When to Use Port Power. Abilities and Limits. Examples. Output Applications. Output Expansion. Switching Power to a Load. Choosing a Switch. Logic Outputs. Bipolar Transistors. MOSFETs. High-side Switches. Solid-state Relays. Electromagnetic Relays. Controlling the Bits. X-10 Switches. Signal Switches. Simple CMOS Switch. Controlling a Switch Matrix. Displays. Input Applications. Reading a Byte. Latching the Status Inputs. Latched Input Using Status and Control Bits. Bytes of Input. Using the Data Port for Input. Reading Analog Signals. Sensor Basics. Simple On/Off Measurements. Level Detecting. Reading an Analog-to-digital Converter. Sensor Interfaces. Signal Conditioning. Minimizing Noise. Using a Sample and Hold. Synchronous Serial Links. About Serial Interfaces. A Digital Thermometer. Using the DS. The Interface. An Application. Other Serial Chips. Real-time Control. Periodic Triggers. Simple Timer Control. Time-of-day Triggers. Loop Timers. Triggering on External Signals. Polling. Hardware Interrupts. Multiple Interrupt Sources. Port Variations. Modes for Data Transfer. The IEEE 1284 Standard. Definitions. Communication modes. Detecting Port Types. Using the New Modes. Port Detecting in Software. Disabling the Advanced Modes. Negotiating a Mode. Protocol. Controller Chips. Host Chips. Peripheral Chips. Peripheral Daisy Chains. Programming Options. Compatibility and Nibble Modes. Compatibility Mode. Handshaking. Variations. Nibble Mode. Handshaking. Making a Byte from Two Nibbles. A Compatibility & Nibble-mode Application. About the 82C55 PPI. Compatibility and Nibble-mode Interface. Byte Mode. Handshaking. Applications. Compatibility & Byte Mode. Compatibility, Nibble & Byte Mode with Negotiating. Enhanced Parallel Port: EPP. Inside the EPP. Two Strobes. The Registers. Handshaking. Four Types of Transfers. Switching Directions. Timing Considerations. EPP Variations. Use of nWait. Clearing Timeouts. Direction Control. An EPP Application. The Circuit. Programming. Extended Capabilities Port: ECP. ECP Basics. The FIFO. Registers. Extended Control Register (ECR). Internal Modes. ECP Transfers. Forward transfers. Reverse Transfers. Timing Considerations. Interrupt Use. Using the FIFO. Other ECP Modes. Fast Centronics. Test Mode. Configuration Mode. An ECP Application. PC-to-PC Communications. A PC-to-PC Cable. Dos and Windows Tools. MS-DOS's Interlnk. Direct Cable Connection. A PC-to-PC Application. Appendices. Resources. Microcontroller Circuit. Number Systems.