Advanced PIC Microcontroller Projects in C

Advanced PIC Microcontroller Projects in C  From USB to RTOS with the PIC18F Series Dogan Ibrahim Reseña A microcontroller is a microprocessor system which contains data and program memory, serial and parallel I/O, timers, and external and internal interrupts—all integrated into a single chip that can be purchased for as little as two dollars. About 40 percent of all microcontroller applications are found in office equipment, such as PCs, laser printers, fax machines, and intelligent telephones. About one third of all microcontrollers are found in consumer electronic goods.

Products like CD players, hi-fi equipment, video games, washing machines, and cookers fall into this category. The communications market, the automotive market, and the military share the rest of the applications. This book is written for advanced students, for practicing engineers, and for hobbyists who want to learn more about the programming and applications of PIC18F-series microcontrollers. The book assumes the reader has taken a course on digital logic design and been exposed to writing programs using at least one high-level programming language. Knowledge of the C programming language will be useful, and familiarity with at least one member of the PIC16F series of microcontrollers will be an advantage. Un microcontrolador es un sistema microprocesador que contiene datos y memoria de programa, E / S serie y paralelo, temporizadores y alarmas externas e internas, todo integrado en un solo chip que se puede comprar por tan poco como dos dólares. Alrededor del 40 por ciento de todas las aplicaciones de microcontroladores se encuentran en equipos de oficina, como ordenadores, impresoras láser, máquinas de fax y teléfonos inteligentes. Aproximadamente un tercio de todos los microcontroladores se encuentran en los productos electrónicos de consumo. Los productos como reproductores de CD, equipo de música, videojuegos, lavadoras y cocinas entran en esta categoría. El mercado de las comunicaciones, el mercado del automóvil, y la parte militar del resto de las aplicaciones. Este libro está escrito para estudiantes avanzados, para la práctica de los ingenieros, y para los aficionados que quieren aprender más sobre la programación y las aplicaciones de microcontroladores serie PIC18F. El libro asume que el lector ha tomado un curso sobre diseño de lógica digital y han sido expuestos a programas de escritura que utilizan al menos un lenguaje de alto nivel de programación. El conocimiento del lenguaje de programación C será útil, y la familiaridad con al menos un miembro de la serie de microcontroladores PIC16F será una ventaja.

INDICE

Microcomputer Systems.  PIC18F Microcontroller Series.  C Programming Language.  Functions and Libraries in mikroC PIC18 Development Tools.  Simple PIC18 Projects.  Advanced PIC18 Projects—SD Card Projects.  Advanced PIC18 Projects—USB Bus Projects Advanced PIC18 Projects—CAN Bus Projects.  Multi-Tasking and Real-Time Operating Systems. State Machines.

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INDICE GENERAL

Microcomputer Systems. Microcontroller Systems. RAM. ROM. PROM. EPROM. EEPROM. Flash EEPROM. Microcontroller Features. Supply Voltage. The Clock. Timers. Watchdog. Reset Input. Interrupts. Brown-out Detector. Analog-to-Digital Converter. Serial Input-Output. EEPROM Data Memory. LCD Drivers. Analog Comparator. Real-time Clock. Sleep Mode. Power-on Reset. Low-Power Operation. Current Sink/Source Capability. USB Interface. Motor Control Interface. CAN Interface. Ethernet Interface. ZigBee Interface. Microcontroller Architectures. RISC and CISC. Number Systems. Decimal Number System. Binary Number System. Octal Number System. Hexadecimal Number System. Converting Binary Numbers into Decimal. Converting Decimal Numbers into Binary. Converting Binary Numbers into Hexadecimal. Converting Hexadecimal Numbers into Binary. Converting Hexadecimal Numbers into Decimal. Converting Decimal Numbers into Hexadecimal. Converting Octal Numbers into Decimal. Converting Decimal Numbers into Octal. Converting Octal Numbers into Binary. Converting Binary Numbers into Octal. Negative Numbers. Adding Binary Numbers. Subtracting Binary Numbers. Multiplication of Binary Numbers. Division of Binary Numbers. Floating Point Numbers. Converting a Floating Point Number into Decimal. Normalizing Floating Point Numbers. Converting a Decimal Number into Floating Point. Multiplication and Division of Floating Point Numbers. Addition and Subtraction of Floating Point Numbers. BCD Numbers. PIC18F Microcontroller Series. PIC18FXX2 Architecture. Program Memory Organization. Data Memory Organization. The Configuration Registers. The Power Supply. The Reset. The Clock Sources. Watchdog Timer. Parallel I/O Ports. Timers. Capture/Compare/PWM Modules (CCP). Analog-to-Digital Converter (A/D) Module. Interrupts. C Programming Language. Structure of a mikroC Program. Comments. Beginning and Ending of a Program. Terminating Program Statements. White Spaces. Case Sensitivity. Variable Names. Variable Types. Constants. Escape Sequences. Static Variables. External Variables. Volatile Variables. Enumerated Variables. Arrays. Pointers. Structures. Unions. Operators in C. Modifying the Flow of Control. Mixing mikroC with Assembly Language Statements. PIC Microcontroller Input-Output Port Programming. Programming Examples. Functions and Libraries in mikroC. mikroC Functions. Function Prototypes. Passing Arrays to Functions. Passing Variables by Reference to Functions. Variable Number of Arguments. Function Reentrancy. Static Function Variables. mikroC Built-in Functions. mikroC Library Functions. EEPROM Library. LCD Library. Software UART Library. Hardware USART Library. Sound Library. ANSI C Library. Miscellaneous Library. PIC18 Development Tools. Software Development Tools. Text Editors. Assemblers and Compilers. Simulators. High-Level Language Simulators. Integrated Development Environments (IDEs). Hardware Development Tools. Development Boards. Device Programmers. In-Circuit Debuggers. In-Circuit Emulators. Breadboards. mikroC Integrated Development Environment (IDE). mikroC IDE Screen. Creating and Compiling a New File. Using the Simulator. Using the mikroICD In-Circuit Debugger. Using a Development Board. Simple PIC18 Projects. Program Description Language (PDL). START-END. Sequencing. IF-THEN-ELSE-ENDIF. DO-ENDDO. REPEAT-UNTIL. Project 1—Chasing LEDs. Project 2—LED Dice. Project 3—Two-Dice Project. Project 4—Two-Dice Project Using Fewer I/O Pins. Project 5—7-Segment LED Counter. Project 6—Two-Digit Multiplexed 7-Segment LED. Project 7—Two-Digit Multiplexed 7-Segment LED Counter. with Timer Interrupt. Project 8—Voltmeter with LCD Display. Project 9—Calculator with Keypad and LCD. Project 10—Serial Communication–Based Calculator.  Advanced PIC18 Projects—SD Card Projects. The SD Card. The SPI Bus. Operation of the SD Card in SPI Mode. mikroC Language SD Card Library Functions. Project 1—Read CID Register and Display on a PC Screen. Project 2—Read/Write to SD Card Sectors. Project 3—Using the Card Filing System. Project 4—Temperature Logger.  Advanced PIC18 Projects—USB Bus Projects. Speed Identification on the Bus. USB States. USB Bus Communication. Packets. Data Flow Types. Enumeration. Descriptors. Device Descriptors. Configuration Descriptors. Interface Descriptors. HID Descriptors. Endpoint Descriptors. PIC18 Microcontroller USB Bus Interface. mikroC Language USB Bus Library Functions. Project 1—USB-Based Microcontroller Output Port. Project 2—USB-Based Microcontroller Input/Output. Project 3—USB-Based Ambient Pressure Display on the PC. Advanced PIC18 Projects—CAN Bus Projects. Data Frame. Start of Frame (SOF). Arbitration Field. Control Field. Data Field. CRC Field. ACK Field. Remote Frame. Error Frame. Overload Frame. Bit Stuffing. Types of Errors. Nominal Bit Timing. PIC Microcontroller CAN Interface. PIC18F258 Microcontroller. Configuration Mode. Disable Mode. Normal Operation Mode. Listen-only Mode. Loop-Back Mode. Error Recognition Mode. CAN Message Transmission. CAN Message Reception. Calculating the Timing Parameters. mikroC CAN Functions. CANSetOperationMode. CANGetOperationMode. CANInitialize. CANSetBaudRate. CANSetMask. CANSetFilter. CANRead. CANWrite. CAN Bus Programming. Project 1—Temperature Sensor CAN Bus Project. Multi-Tasking and Real-Time Operating Systems. State Machines. The Real-Time Operating System (RTOS). The Scheduler. RTOS Services. Synchronization and Messaging Tools. CCS PIC C Compiler RTOS. Preparing for RTOS. Declaring a Task. Project 1—LEDs. Project 2—Random Number Generator. Project 3—Voltmeter with RS232 Serial Output.